Frequently Asked Questions In Dentistry (FAQs)

One should visit a dentist every 6 months. This helps in early detection of any problem and minimizes the damage and in turn reduces the cost and duration of treatment.

Choosing a dentist who is right for you and your family is important, and you may wish to consider several dentists before making your final decision. During your first visit, you should be able to determine whether the dentist is right for you. During your appointment, consider the following:
– Experience of the dentist
– Infrastructure of the dental center
– Whether the dentist is working alone or has a team of specialist doctors
– Sterilization protocol followed by dental center
– Equipment available at the dental center
– Reviews of the patient on treatment

Many people do not visit a dentist on a regular basis. They only go when they have a problem or pain. This is known as “crisis treatment” but ideally you should opt for “preventive treatment and act before the disease reaches in its advance stage.” While these patients may feel they are saving money, it often ends up costing much more in money and time. This is because many dental problems do not have symptoms until they reach the advanced stages of the disease process. An example is tooth decay. It is typical to hear, “Nothing hurts… I don’t have any problems.”
Tooth decay often does not hurt until it gets close to the nerve of the tooth. It is not uncommon to see a patient with a huge cavity who has never felt a thing. The dentist can usually detect a cavity 3-4 years before it develops any symptoms. This early detection can help you prevent root canal treatment and just a simple filling is required at this stage.

Thanks to better at-home care and in-office dental treatments, more people than ever before are keeping their teeth throughout their lives. Although some diseases and conditions can make dental disease and tooth loss more likely, most of us have a good deal of control over whether we keep our teeth into old age.
The most important thing you can do to maintain good oral health is to brush and floss your teeth regularly.
Most mouth woes are caused by plaque, that sticky layer of microorganisms, food particles and other organic matter that forms on your teeth. Bacteria in plaque produce acids that cause cavities. Plaque also leads to periodontal diseases, a potentially serious infection that can erode bone and destroy the tissues surrounding teeth.
The best defense is to remove plaque daily before it has a chance to build up and cause problems. Brushing removes plaque from the large surfaces of the teeth and, if done correctly, from just under the gums. Flossing removes plaque between teeth.

Toothpastes don’t merely clean teeth anymore. Different types have special ingredients for preventing decay, plaque control, tartar control, whitening, gum care or desensitizing teeth.
Most toothpastes on the market today contain fluoride, which has been proven to prevent, stop or even reverse the decay process. Tartar-control toothpastes are useful for people who tend to build up tartar quickly, while someone who gets tooth stains may want a whitening toothpaste. Whitening toothpastes will remove only surface stains, such as those caused by smoking, tea or coffee. To whiten teeth that are stained at a deeper level, talk with your dentist.
Your needs will likely change as you get older, so don’t be surprised if your dentist recommends a type of toothpaste you haven’t used before. Once these conditions are met, choose the toothpaste that tastes and feels best. Gel or paste, wintergreen or spearmint — these work alike, so let personal preference guide your decision.
Some people find that some toothpaste ingredients irritate their teeth, cheeks or lips. If your teeth have become more sensitive or your mouth is irritated after brushing, try changing toothpastes. If the problem continues, see your dentist.

Your teeth may feel fine, but it’s still important to see the dentist regularly because problems can exist without any symptoms or you knowing. Your dentist can help keep your smile looking beautiful and your mouth healthy. With so many advances in dentistry, you no longer have to settle for stained, chipped, missing, or misshapen teeth.
Today’s dentists offer many treatment choices that can help you smile with confidence, including:

– Professional teeth whitening
– Smile Makeovers
– Fillings that restore appearance of natural teeth
– Tooth replacement
– Preventive care

Children, teens, and adults should all see the dentist for a regular checkup at least once every six months. Patients who are at a greater risk for oral cancer, gum disease, diabetes or any specific dental or medical condition may be required to see the dentist more than just twice a year. Your doctor will help determine how often you should visit the dentist for regular checkups depending on your oral and overall health.

Taking care of your teeth and gums at home is very important to maintain good oral health and minimize dental problems.

– Brush your teeth at least two times a day and floss at least once and preferably before bed.

– Change tooth brush at every 3 months as recommended by WHO

– Avoid foods with a lot of sugar (sugar increases the amount of bacteria that grows in your mouth causing more plaque and possibly cavities) and avoid tobacco (this can stain your teeth, cause gum disease, and eventually lead to oral cancer).

– Use tongue cleaner every day. Tongue cleaner will remove food particles and reduce the amount of plaque-causing bacteria. Tongue cleaning also helps keep your breath fresh.

– Be sure to schedule your routine checkup. It is recommended that you visit the dentist every six months.

The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) recommends that children first see a dentist as early as six months of age and no later than one year of age. During this time, your child’s baby teeth will be coming in and your dentist can examine the health of your child’s first few teeth. After the first visit, be sure to schedule regular checkups every six months.

You should brush your teeth twice a day. Brushing your teeth helps to remove plaque which contains bacteria and causes tooth decay and can lead to gum diseases. Brushing before bed is highly recommended. You should floss your teeth at least once a day. Flossing removes food debris and plaque in between your teeth that a tooth brush can’t reach.

Modified Bass brushing technique:

– Hold the head of the toothbrush horizontally against your teeth with the bristles part-way on the gums.

– Tilt the brush head to about a 45-degree angle, so the bristles are pointing under the gum line.

– Move the toothbrush in very short horizontal strokes so the tips of the bristles stay in one place, but the head of the brush waggles back and forth. Or use tiny circular motions. This allows the bristles to slide gently under the gum. Do this for about 20 strokes. This assures that adequate time will be spent cleaning away as much plaque as possible. Note: this is a very gentle motion. In healthy gums, this should cause no pain. Brushing too vigorously or with large strokes can damage gum tissue.

– Roll or flick the brush so that the bristles move out from under the gum toward the biting edge of the tooth. This helps move the plaque out from under the gum line.

– Repeat for every tooth, so that all tooth surfaces and gum lines are cleaned.

– For the insides of your front teeth, where the horizontal brush position is cumbersome, hold the brush vertically instead. Again, use gentle back and forth brushing action and finish with a roll or flick of the brush toward the biting edge.

– To clean the biting or chewing surfaces of the teeth, hold the brush so the bristles are straight down on the flat surface of the molars.

– Gently move the brush back and forth or in tiny circles to clean the entire surface. Move to a new tooth or area until all teeth are cleaned.

– Rinse with water to clear the mouth of food residue and removed plaque.

– You can clear even more bacteria out of your mouth by brushing your tongue. With your toothbrush, brush firmly but gently from back to front. Do not go so far back in your mouth that you gag. Rinse again.

Bad breath is caused due to dental cavities, poor oral hygiene, gum disease, dry mouth, uncleaned tongue and due to certain medical conditions and illnesses. Regular dental checkups, effective brushing, flossing and using mouthwash can greatly reduce and possibly eliminate bad breath. If you have bad breath, it is highly recommended that you see your dentist and get diagnosed for underlying cause of bad breath.

Improper brushing and dietary habits are the cause for cavity. It can be prevented by proper brushing, flossing and eating less sticky food and regular visits to the dentist. Brushing before bed has shown significant reduction in tooth cavity. Young children can also benefit by sealant placed.

Bleeding gums are a sign of gum disease and are mainly due to poor oral hygiene. Other reasons would be brushing too hard, hormonal changes during pregnancy, improper flossing and certain medications. It is wise to schedule an appointment with the dentist and get proper diagnosis done for cause of bleeding gums.

The empty space in your mouth starts to cause many problems like decay, gum diseases, an unbalanced bite and stress on the remaining teeth and jaw joints. To prevent this, there are many options like implants, crown, bridge, braces available to get your missing tooth replaced. It is very essential to get your missing tooth replaced as early as possible.

A dental bridge is a false tooth (called a pontic) that is held in place by the abutment teeth on either side of the gap. Although pontics can be made from a variety of materials such as gold, typically they are made from porcelain to aesthetically blend in with your natural teeth. Dental bridges can last five to 15 years and even longer. With good oral hygiene and regular checkups, it is not unusual for the life span of a fixed bridge to be over 10 years.

Your oral health can affect other medical conditions e.g. gum diseases may increase the risk of heart problem, diabetes, kidney problem, stroke and premature birth. It is wise to get dental checkup done every 6 months for the benefit of overall health.

Oral care should begin soon after the baby’s birth. Their gums should be cleaned after each feeding by a soft cloth. You can begin brushing your child’s teeth as soon as they appear in the mouth. Use a soft baby brush. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) recommends that children first see a dentist as early as six months of age and no later than one year of age. During this time, your child’s baby teeth will be coming in and your dentist can examine the health of your child’s first few teeth. After the first visit, be sure to schedule regular checkups every six months.

Place the tooth immediately in cold milk or if the child is old enough, put it under the child’s tongue. Be real careful that the child does not swallow the tooth and get to the dentist within 30 minutes so it can be re-implanted and splinted.

According to your dentist and the American Dental Association, you should brush your teeth at least two times a day. Brushing keeps your teeth, gums, and mouth clean and healthy by removing bacteria causing plaque. It is also recommended that you use a soft bristled toothbrush and toothpaste that contains fluoride when you brush your teeth. You should spend at least a minute on the top teeth and a minute on the bottom teeth, and remember to clean your tongue with a tongue cleaner; it will help keep your breath smelling fresh and reduce chances of tooth decay.

Your toothbrush will eventually wear out, especially if you are brushing your teeth twice a day for two to three minutes each time. WHO and American Dental Association recommends that adults and children change their toothbrush every three months. If you are using an electric toothbrush, be sure to read the directions because you may not need to change toothbrush heads as frequently. Patients with gum disease are encouraged to change their toothbrush every four to six weeks to keep any bacteria from spreading. After brushing, rinse your toothbrush with hot water to kill germs and keep the bristles clean. If you’ve been sick, be sure to change your toothbrush as soon as possible.

You should floss your teeth at least once a day. Flossing removes food debris and plaque in between your teeth that a tooth brush can’t reach. Flossing reduces the number of bacteria in your mouth. There are millions of bacteria that are feeding on food particles left in between your teeth. These bacteria live in plaque which can be removed by flossing. Brushing your teeth gets rid of some of the bacteria in your mouth while flossing gets rid of the bacteria from area between teeth that the toothbrush can’t reach. There are bacteria hiding in the tiny spaces between your teeth. If you do not floss, you allow plaque to remain between your teeth. Eventually it hardens into tartar. Plaque can be removed by brushing but the tartar or calculus can be removed by dentist only.
Ask your dentist to show you the proper way to floss. You will be able to notice the difference at the next cleaning appointment.

Many people never learned to floss as children. But flossing is critical to healthy gums and it’s never too late to start. A common rule of thumb says that any difficult new habit becomes second nature after only three weeks. If you have difficulty figuring out what to do, ask your dentist or dental hygienist to give you a personal lesson.

Here are a few general pointers about flossing:

Floss once a day — Although there is no research to recommend an optimum number of times to floss, most dentists recommend a thorough flossing at least once a day. If you tend to get food trapped between teeth, flossing more often can help remove it.

Take your time — Flossing requires a certain amount of dexterity and thought. Don’t rush.

Choose your own time — Although most people find that just before bed is an ideal time, many oral health professionals recommend flossing any time that is most convenient to ensure that you will continue to floss regularly. Choose a time during the day when you can floss without haste.

Don’t skimp on the floss — Use as much as you need to clean both sides of every tooth with a fresh section of floss. In fact, you may need to floss one tooth several times (using fresh sections of floss) to remove all the food debris. Although there has been no research, some professionals think reusing sections of floss may redistribute bacteria pulled off one tooth onto another tooth.

Choose the type that works best for you — There are many different types of floss: waxed and unwaxed, flavored and unflavored, ribbon and thread. Try different varieties before settling on one. People with teeth that are closely spaced will find that waxed floss slides more easily into the tight space. There are tougher shred-resistant varieties that work well for people with rough edges that tend to catch and rip floss.

How you hold the floss is a matter of personal preference. The most common method is to wind the floss around the middle fingers then pull it taut and guide it with your index fingers. You also can wind it around your index fingers and guide it with your thumb and middle fingers or simply hold the ends of the floss or use a floss-guiding tool. (If you have a fixed bridge, a bridge threader can help guide floss under the bridge for better cleaning.) How you hold the thread is not as important as what you do with it. If you can’t settle in on a good method, ask your dentist for suggestions.

– Hold the floss so that a short segment is ready to work with.

– Guide the floss gently between two teeth. If the fit is tight, use a back-and-forth motion to work the floss through the narrow spot. Do not snap the floss in or you could cut your gums.

– Hold the floss around the front and back of one tooth, making it into a “C” shape. This will wrap the floss around the side edge of that tooth.

– Gently move the floss toward the base of the tooth and up into the space between the tooth and gum.

– Move the floss up and down with light to firm pressure to skim off plaque in that area. Do not press so hard that you injure the gum.

– Repeat for all sides of the tooth, including the outermost side of the last tooth. Advance the floss to a clean segment for each tooth edge.

Make cleaning teeth fun for you kids. If you are enthusiastic about brushing your teeth, your children will also be enthusiastic. Children want to do the things their parents do. If your children see you brushing your teeth and displaying good dental habits, they will follow. There are various techniques for brushing teeth for kids and most popular is bass brushing technique for children. Ask your dentist for other creative ways to get children to brush their teeth.

A cavity is a small hole that forms inside the tooth because of tooth decay. Cavities are formed when plaque buildup on the outside of the tooth combines with sugars and starches in the food you eat. This produces an acid that can eat away the enamel on your tooth. If a cavity is left untreated, it can lead to more serious oral health problems. Cavities can be prevented by remembering to brush your teeth at least two times a day and floss between teeth at least once.

Prevention is always better than cure. Always spend two to three minutes brushing your teeth. It is minimal ideal time to get rid of the bacteria that destroy tooth enamel. Do not brush too hard. It takes very little pressure to remove bacteria and plaque. Floss at least once a day. Flossing is the only way to get bacteria from between your teeth.

Eat less sugary or sticky food. There is sugar in candy, fruits, crackers and chips. These are the foods that the bacteria in your mouth loves. Foods items like raisins, popcorn and peanut butter stick to teeth. They can provide a constant supply for the bacteria eating into your teeth. Try to minimize the times during the day when these items are eaten and brush your teeth afterwards.

If you cannot brush after a meal then at least thoroughly rinse your mouth with water, which can help to remove food particles from your teeth and oral cavity. Chewing sugarless gum after a meal can also help. Chewing stimulates the flow of your saliva which acts as a natural plaque fighting agent. Good dental habits will go a long way toward a no cavity and healthy mouth.

A tooth filling is a synthetic material that your dentist uses to fill a cavity after all of the tooth decay has been removed. Fillings do not generally hurt because your dentist will numb your mouth with an anesthetic. Fillings are made from a variety of different materials, including composites, gold or ceramic. If you need a filling, be sure to talk to your doctor about what type is best for you and your teeth.

Many diseases of the teeth and surrounding tissues cannot be seen when the dentist examines the mouth.
An X-ray examination may reveal:
– Small areas of decay between the teeth or below existing fillings.

– Infections at the end of tooth root in the bone.

– Gum disease and bone loss around tooth.

– Abscesses or cysts.

– Developmental abnormalities.

– Some types of tumors.

Finding and treating dental problems at an early stage can save time, money and often unnecessary discomfort. X-rays can detect damage to oral structures not visible during a regular exam. If you have a hidden tumor, X-rays may even help save your life. Dentist will evaluate your need for X-rays based on the conditions present at the time of oral examination. There are many benefits to having X-rays taken.

Fluoride is known to help fight decay of tooth for more than 100 years. The lack of exposure to fluoride places individuals of any age at risk for dental decay. Fluoride is important to dental health because it helps prevent tooth decay by making your tooth enamel more resistant to acid attacks from plaque bacteria in your mouth.

Studies have shown that children who consumed fluoridated water from birth had less dental decay. Fluoride can reverse early decay. However too much fluoride level in drinking water can lead to fluorosis and other systemic problem. Talk to your dentist about whether you’re getting the daily amount of fluoride you need.

The American Dental Association cites sealants as an effective way of fighting against tooth decay. Sealants are a thin coating painted on chewing surfaces of molars and premolars. Dental sealants act as a barrier and seal gaps in chewing surface of teeth and protecting your teeth against decay.
Sealants have proven effective with both adults and children, but are most commonly used with children. Despite the fact that sealants are about half the cost of fillings, only a small percentage of young children have sealants on their permanent teeth. Ask your dentist whether sealants are a good choice for you or your children.

The American Dental Association recognizes that piercing is a widely accepted form of self-expression and that includes piercings in the mouth. However, the potential problems from piercings are numerous. Some symptoms after a piercing include pain, swelling, infection, drooling, taste loss, scarring, chipped teeth, tooth loss and an increased flow of saliva, none of which are particularly pleasant. Tongue piercing can also cause excessive bleeding. If you’re thinking of placing a piercing in or around your mouth, talk to your dentist first. If you already have piercings and are having problems, see your dentist right away.

Oral injuries are often painful, and should be treated by a dentist as soon as possible. If you have knocked out a tooth, these tips may be able to save it:

– Rinse, do not scrub, the tooth to remove dirt or debris.

– Place the clean tooth in your mouth between your cheek and gum or under your tongue.

– Do not attempt to replace the tooth into the socket as this could cause further damage.

– Get to the dentist. Successful re-implantation is possible only when treatment is performed promptly.

– If it is not possible to store the tooth in the mouth of the injured person, wrap the tooth in a clean cloth or gauze and immerse it in milk.

When you are asleep, saliva production in your mouth decreases. Since your saliva is the natural mouthwash, most people experience morning breath. Bacteria found in oral cavity break down the food particles, which produce sulfur compounds. It is actually these sulfur compounds which give our breath a bad odor. During the time you are awake, there is a good salivary flow in your mouth which helps to wash away bacteria and food particles. Your saliva also helps to dissolve the foul smelling sulfur compounds.
Chronic, long-term mouth odor can be a sign of more serious illness. Consult you dentist for in depth analysis and proper diagnosis.

Sensitivity toothpaste, which contains strontium chloride or potassium nitrate are very effective in treating sensitive teeth. After a few weeks of use, you may notice a decrease in sensitivity. Highly acidic foods such as oranges, grapefruits and lemons, as well as tea and soda can increase tooth sensitivity and work against sensitivity toothpaste. If you do not get relief by brushing gently and using desensitizing toothpaste, see your dentist. There are special compounds that can be applied in-office to the roots of your tooth to reduce sensitivity if not eliminate. High fluoride containing tooth paste and mouthwash can also be recommended to help reduce tooth sensitivity.

Periodontal disease is inflammation and infection of the gums and supporting bone structure, which if left untreated, can cause permanent jaw bone destruction and possible tooth loss. Untreated periodontal disease has been linked to increased risk for conditions such as heart disease, stroke, low birth weight, pre-term delivery, respiratory disease, and prostate cancer. An advanced stage of periodontal disease exhibits inflamed gums pulling away from your bone and teeth.

Other signs of periodontal disease include:

– Bad breath
– Red or swollen gums
– Loose teeth or teeth that have moved
– Sensitive teeth
– Pus coming from around the teeth
– Pain when chewing
– Tender gums
– Bleeding gums

Periodontal disease can be prevented and treated successfully by seeing your dentist regularly and following recommended care plans.

Teeth whitening is permanent. However if you whiten your teeth, the length of time you can expect it to last will depend on your oral hygiene and food habits. If you smoke, drink red wine or coffee or consume other acid containing foods, your bright smile may begin to yellow more quickly than you expect. In general teeth whitening procedure can last up to a few years if you take proper care. And even though the results can fade, occasional touch-ups can be done to regain luster.

Commercial whitening toothpastes vary greatly in their ability to whiten teeth. They work by removing surface stains from the teeth with the use of mild abrasives. However, unlike professional whitening, some whitening toothpastes do not alter the intrinsic color of the teeth. Toothpastes that are effective in removing stains can also destroy tooth enamel in the process. These toothpastes use harsh abrasives. With repeated use, harsh abrasives begin to damage tooth enamel and can contribute to increased tooth sensitivity. If you would like to try a whitening toothpaste, consult with your dentist first.

The exact cause of canker sores is unknown. Some factors may include genetics, allergies, stress, and vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Trauma to the inside of the mouth can result in the development of canker sores. Ill-fitting dentures or braces, toothbrush trauma from brushing too hard, or biting your cheek, may produce canker sores. Certain foods may also be a factor. Citrus or acidic fruits and vegetables can trigger a canker sore or make the problem worse. Foods like chips, pretzels and hard candies have sharp edges that can nick and injure the soft tissue of the mouth.

To treat a canker sore, rinse your mouth with antimicrobial mouthwash or warm water and salt. Over the counter treatments are also available. If the canker sore is present longer than two weeks, see your dentist.

Smokeless tobacco (chewing tobacco) may be smokeless, but it is harmful. These are some of the potential hazards:

– A sore that does not heal
– A lump or white patch
– A prolonged sore throat
– Difficulty in chewing
– Restricted movement of the tongue or jaw
– A feeling of something in the throat
– Ropey saliva
– Burning sensation in mouth

Pain is rarely an early symptom. All tobacco users need to see their dentist regularly.

People often respond to bleeding gums with the wrong method of treatment. Usually, gums that bleed are a symptom of the onset of gum disease. But often, people stop brushing as frequently and effectively because it may be painful or it may cause the gums to bleed again. However, when gums are inflamed, brushing could help reduce the inflammation. More importantly, you should see your dentist to have a periodontal screening and recording performed in order to determine the level of disease present and the best treatment course to pursue.

It is also worth noting that chronic dental pain and discomfort are obvious signs of a problem. Over-the-counter drugs may provide some temporary relief. These medications usually only mask the existence of a problem and should be taken on a temporary basis.

It is important to see your dentist as soon as possible if your gums begin to bleed.

Many factors work to destroy the naturally white smile you were born with. Tobacco, certain foods and certain drinks actually stain teeth. These substances continually work on our teeth causing our white smile to gradually fade. Hot coffee and tea are especially hazardous to your smile because they change the temperature of teeth. This temperature change – hot and cold cycling – causes the teeth to expand and contract allowing stains to penetrate the teeth. Cutting down on coffee and tea can go a long way to creating a great smile. Foods that are slightly acidic are also dangerous to your white smile. These foods open up the pores of the tooth enamel allowing stains to move more easily into the tooth.
Your dentist can help you with more tips on keeping a white smile.

A mouthguard can prevent injuries to your face and teeth. Most people benefit from wearing a mouthguard when playing any sport. You should wear one whether you are playing professionally or just on weekends. Do what you can to preserve your smile and your health. The best mouthguards are custom madeby your dentist. This is especially important if you wear braces or fixed bridgework.
Commercial, readymade mouthguards can be purchased at most sporting goods stores. They are relatively inexpensive but they are also less effective. In either case, rinse your mouthguard with water or mouthwash after each use. With proper care, it should last for several months.
Ask your dentist which kind of mouthguard you should use.

Research today suggests a link between gum disease and diabetes. Research has established that people with diabetes are more prone to gum disease. If blood glucose levels are poorly controlled you may be more likely to develop gum disease and could potentially lose teeth. Like all infections, gum disease can be a factor in causing blood sugar levels to rise and make diabetes harder to control. Be sure to see your dentist regularly for checkups and follow home care recommendations. If you notice other conditions such as dry mouth or bleeding gums, be sure to talk with your dentist. And don’t forget to mention any changes in medications.

Pregnant women are at high risk of gum problems. About half of women who are pregnant experience a condition called pregnancy gingivitis. This condition can be uncomfortable and cause swelling, bleeding, redness or tenderness in the gum tissue. A more advanced oral health condition called periodontal disease (a serious gum infection that destroys attachment fibers and supporting bone that hold teeth in the mouth) may affect the health of your baby. Studies have shown a relationship between periodontal disease and preterm, low birth-weight babies. In fact, pregnant women with periodontal disease may be seven times more likely to have a baby that’s born too early and too small. The likely culprit is a labor-inducing chemical found in oral bacteria called prostaglandin. Very high levels of prostaglandin are found in women with severe cases of periodontal disease.

There are certain conditions that require pre-medication with an antibiotic prior to dental treatment to prevent adverse effects and infection that can be caused by bacteria that enter the blood stream during certain treatment. Common example is diabetes where the standard protocol is to prescribe an antibiotic cover three days prior to dental treatment. You will want to consult with your dentist about this prior to treatment.

Chemotherapy and Radiation can cause a number of problems in the mouth, some of which might include: mouth sores, infections, dry mouth, bleeding of the gums and lining of the mouth and general soreness and pain of the mouth. It can be harder to control these things while undergoing treatment as the immune system is generally compromised as a result of the treatment. There are some special mouth rinses that can be prescribed to help with discomfort during treatment. It is very important to see your dentist before treatment begins and then to continue with recommended follow-up care. These treatments can cause dry mouth and recommendations might be made for additional care both in office and at home.

Visits to the dentist include more than just “checking teeth.” While patients who wear dentures no longer have to worry about dental decay, they may have concerns with ill-fitting dentures or mouth sores to name a few. An annual visit to the dentist is recommended. During these visits, an oral cancer screening and head and neck exam will be performed as well as an evaluation of the fit or need for replacement of the existing denture is determined. Regular visits can help you to avoid more complicated problems in future.

Also known as periodontal disease, gum disease is mostly caused by plaque and bacteria buildup that is not treated in its early stage. Other causes of periodontal disease include tobacco use, teeth grinding, some medications, and genetics. Gingivitis is the beginning stage of gum disease and if detected it can be stopped from progressing to more complex periodontal disease. Advanced gum disease will lead to tooth and bone loss and is a permanent condition. Brushing your teeth regularly and visiting the dentist every six months will help prevent gingivitis and more severe cases of periodontal disease.

Common signs of gum disease include:

– Red, irritated, bleeding, or swollen gums
– Chronic bad breath
– Loose teeth, or loss of teeth
– Extreme tooth sensitivity
– Receding gum line
– Abscess

Yes, In fact it’s even more important that patients receiving orthodontic treatment visit their dentist regularly. With braces, food may be caught in places that your toothbrush can’t reach. This causes bacteria to build up and can lead to cavities, gingivitis, and gum disease. Your dentist will make sure that your teeth stay clean and healthy while wearing braces.

Many people have larger spaces between their teeth and need additional tools, called interdental cleaners, to remove food particles and bacterial plaque adequately. You may have larger spaces that need extra care if you have had gum surgery or if you have teeth that are missing or out of alignment.
Small interdental brushes are tiny bristle or filament brushes that can fit between teeth and come in a variety of sizes and handle designs. These brushes clean better than floss when the gum tissue does not completely fill the space between your teeth. These little brushes also can help people with orthodontic bands on their teeth to remove bacterial plaque from around the wires and brackets.
Another tool for cleaning between teeth is wooden interdental cleaners. These long, triangular strips of wood can be softened and used to clean between teeth.
You can find these interdental cleaners at most drugstores and grocery stores. Your dentist can show you how to use these cleaners to remove plaque between your teeth.

Abfraction is a form of non-carious tooth tissue loss that occurs along the gingival margin. In other words, abfraction is a mechanical loss of tooth structure that is not caused by tooth decay, located along the gum line.

Tooth wear caused by forces other than chewing such as holding objects between the teeth or improper brushing.

This is used in the context of a fixed bridge (“abutment teeth” referring to the teeth supporting the bridge), partial removable dentures (“abutment teeth” referring to the teeth supporting the partial) and in implants (used to attach a crown, bridge, or removable denture to the dental implant fixture).

Abutment is the connecting structure that holds the crown securely to the implanted post. The metal post is typically made of titanium, and crowns can be made from several materials, including metal, zirconia, porcelain and ceramic. They may also be made from a combination of materials.

Dental amalgam is an alloy composed mainly of mercury, silver, copper and tin. Very resistant, it is used to restore a broken, cracked or fractured tooth, or one affected by tooth decay. Dental amalgam is very old, so it is part of the first generation of filling materials in dentistry.

Local anesthesia is any technique to induce the absence of sensation in a specific part of the body, generally for the aim of inducing local analgesia, that is, local insensitivity to pain, although other local senses may be affected as well.

Conscious sedation in dentistry is accomplished using oral drugs such as Valium, Halcion, Ativan, Sonata, and Versed. Each offers differing degrees of sedation, and nearly all are used to treat other medical concerns such as insomnia and general anxiety. These classes of drugs work by placing a person in a sort of “depression of consciousness” in which commands by the dental team can be acted upon, but no memory of the event or any discomfort experienced during it are recalled.

The bitewing radiograph (BW) is an image that depicts the maxillary and mandibular crowns of the teeth, providing a clear image of the interproximal surfaces of the teeth and allowing for detection of interproximal caries.

Teeth whitening is a simple process. Whitening products contain one of two tooth bleaches (hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide). These bleaches break stains into smaller pieces, which makes the color less concentrated and your teeth brighter.

A composite resin applied to a tooth to change its shape and/or color. Bonding also refers to how a filling, orthodontic appliance or some fixed partial dentures are attached to teeth.

Bruxism is a condition in which you grind, gnash or clench your teeth. If you have bruxism, you may unconsciously clench your teeth when you’re awake (awake bruxism) or clench or grind them during sleep (sleep bruxism). It is basically non-functional grinding of teeth.

Core build up materials are used when there is not enough healthy tooth left for proper crown placement. Building up the core of the tooth with resin or plastic composites allows for better retention of the crown and reduced sensitivity while strengthening the tooth itself.

Calculus or tartar is a form of hardened dental plaque. It is caused by precipitation of minerals from saliva and gingival crevicular fluid in plaque on the teeth.

Cavities are permanently damaged areas in the hard surface of your teeth that develop into tiny openings or holes. Cavities, also called tooth decay or caries are caused by a combination of factors, including bacteria in your mouth, frequent snacking, sipping sugary drinks and not cleaning your teeth well.

Clenching is clamping and pressing of the jaws and teeth together in centric occlusion. Teeth grinding and jaw clenching (also called bruxism) is often related to stress, anxiety, physical effort, or a bad bite.
It does not always cause symptoms but some people get facial pain and headaches and it can wear down your teeth over time. Most people who grind their teeth and clench their jaw are not aware they’re doing it. It often happens during sleep or while concentrating or under stress.

A composite filling is a tooth colored plastic and glass mixture used to restore decayed teeth. Composites are also used for cosmetic improvements of the smile by changing the color of the teeth or reshaping disfigured teeth.

Cosmetic dentistry is generally used to refer to any dental work that improves the appearance of teeth, gums and or bite. It primarily focuses on improvement in dental aesthetics in color, position, shape, size, alignment and overall smile appearance.

A crown or dental cap  is a type of dental restoration which completely caps or encircles a tooth or dental implant. A crown may be needed when a large cavity threatens the health of a tooth. They are typically bonded to the tooth by dental cement.

Crown lengthening is a surgical procedure designed to increase the extent of tooth structure to treat aesthetic disproportions such as a gummy smile.

The pointed portion of the tooth is called cusp. A cusp is an occlusal or incisal eminence on a tooth. Canine teeth, otherwise known as cuspids, each possess a single cusp, while premolars, otherwise known as bicuspids, possess two each. Molars normally possess either four or five cusps.

Tooth decay are permanently damaged areas in the hard surface of your teeth that develop into tiny openings or holes. Decay, also called tooth cavity or caries, are caused by a combination of factors, including bacteria in your mouth, frequent snacking, sipping sugary drinks and not cleaning your teeth well.

Dental prophylaxis is the medical term for procedures that promote oral health. This can include anything from a dental check-up to getting sealants or simple teeth cleaning to protect the teeth from cavities and promote oral health.

A dental prosthesis is an artificial device that replaces one or more missing teeth. An intraoral prosthesis is used to restore intraoral defects such as missing teeth, missing parts of teeth and missing soft or hard structures of the jaw and palate. Prosthodontics is the dental specialty that focuses on dental prostheses.

A dentist who has received postgraduate training in one of the recognized dental specialties. Specialties are recognized in dentistry are orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics; pediatric dentistry; periodontics; prosthodontics; oral and maxillofacial surgery; oral and maxillofacial pathology; endodontics; public health dentistry; and oral and maxillofacial surgeon.

Enamel is the thin outer covering of the tooth. This tough shell is the hardest tissue in the human body. Enamel covers the crown which is the part of the tooth that is visible outside of the gums. Because enamel is translucent, you can see light through it.

The pulp is the part in the center of a tooth made up of living connective tissue and cells called odontoblasts. Tooth pulp is the most vital part of the tooth. Also commonly referred to as the nerve, the pulp branches out and continues down each root through the canals of the tooth and stops just shy of the apex or tip of the tooth.

Dentin is a hard, light yellow, porous layer of tissue directly underneath enamel and cementum. Dentin constitutes the largest portion of the tooth and consists of approximately 70% inorganic matter and 30% organic matter and water.

A denture is a removable replacement for missing teeth and surrounding tissues. Two types of dentures are available – complete and partial dentures. Complete dentures are used when all the teeth are missing, while partial dentures are used when some natural teeth remain.

Dental radiographs are commonly called X-rays. Dentists use radiographs for many reasons – to find hidden dental structures, malignant or benign masses, bone loss, and cavities.

Direct dental restoration are the one in which, work is fabricated and completed within the mouth. The procedure, commonly referred to as filling, involves the placement of a malleable substance into a prepared and cleaned cavity. Most common direct restoration includes composite or amalgam restoration.

Dental erosion is the loss of the surface of your teeth due to acids you eat or drink or acids coming up from your stomach. These acids can dissolve the crystals that make up your teeth, leading to tooth surface loss.

A dental extraction is the removal of teeth from the dental alveolus (socket) in the alveolar bone. Extractions are performed for a wide variety of reasons, but most commonly to remove teeth which have become unrestorable through tooth decay, periodontal disease, or dental trauma, especially when they are associated with toothache.

A lay term used for the restoring of lost tooth structure by using materials such as metal, alloy, plastic or porcelain. A dental restoration or dental filling is a treatment to restore the function, integrity, and morphology of missing tooth structure resulting from caries or external trauma.

A fixed partial denture is a prosthetic replacement of one or more missing teeth cemented or attached to the abutment teeth or implant abutments adjacent to the space. A Fixed Partial Denture (FPD) is a restoration that is luted or otherwise securely retained to natural teeth, tooth roots and or dental implant abutments that furnish the primary support for the prosthesis.

Flexible dentures are a kind of partial denture, but these ones are made of different materials than ordinary partial dentures. Most flexible dentures are made of a thin thermoplastic such as nylon, compared to the thicker, more rigid acrylic used in full dentures.

A Jaw bone fracture is a medical condition in which there is a partial or complete break in the continuity of the bone. In more severe cases, the bone may be broken into several pieces.

A tooth fracture is a break or crack in the hard shell of the tooth. The outer shell of the tooth is called the enamel. It protects the softer inner pulp of the tooth that contains nerves and blood vessels. Depending on the type of fracture, the tooth may not cause any problems or it may cause pain.

An OPG (Orthopantomogram) is a panoramic scanning dental X-ray of the upper and lower jaw. An OPG also demonstrates the number, position and growth of all the teeth including those that have not yet surfaced or erupted through the gum. It is different from the small close up x-rays dentists take of individual teeth.

The gingiva is the anatomical term for gums. These are found in the oral cavity or mouth of a human being surrounding part of the teeth. They consist of mucosal tissue that covers the alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible and finish at the neck of each tooth.

Gingivitis means inflammation of the gums, or gingiva. It commonly occurs because a film of plaque or bacteria accumulating on the teeth. Gingivitis is a non-destructive type of periodontal disease but untreated gingivitis can progress to more severe disease called periodontitis.

Gingival recession is also known as receding gums. Gingival recession is the exposure in the roots of the teeth caused by a loss of gum tissue and/or retraction of the gingival margin from the crown of the teeth.

Gingival enlargement is an increase in the size of the gingiva (gums). It is a common feature of gingival disease. Gingival enlargement can be caused by a number of factors, including inflammatory conditions and the side effects of certain medications like Phenytoin.

A periodontal abscess is a pocket of pus in the tissues of the gum. It looks like a small red ball pushing out of the swollen gum. If the pus cannot drain, it forms an abscess. An abscess can cause a fever and a throbbing pain in nearby teeth. It can also cause long-term damage to your teeth and gums.

Gingivectomy is a dental procedure in which a dentist cuts away part of the gums in the mouth. It is the oldest surgical approach in periodontal therapy and is usually done for improvement of aesthetics or prognosis of teeth.

Gingivoplasty is the surgical reshaping of gum tissue around the teeth. It is often done simply to make gums look better. They may have an unusual shape or may not be formed normally.

A piece of tissue or alloplastic material placed in contact with tissue to repair a defect or supplement a deficiency in gum or bone tissue.

The removal of gingival tissue with a diode laser.  An important adjunct to cosmetic dentistry used to even the smile line, lengthen short teeth and reduce a gummy smile.

Alveoloplasty is a dental pre-prosthetic procedure performed to facilitate removal of teeth, and smoothen or reshape the jawbone after extractions to allow dentures to sit well.

An immediate denture is a denture that is made prior to the extraction of the natural teeth, which is inserted into the mouth immediately after the extraction of the teeth. It is seen as a provisional prosthesis and once healing of extraction socket is completed and proper base for denture is formed, a new permanent denture will be made.

A dental implant is a surgical component that interfaces with the bone of the jaw or skull to support a dental prosthesis such as a crown, bridge, denture, facial prosthesis or to act as an orthodontic anchor. With proper care and maintenance, a dental implant can last for more than 25 years. Dental implants are actually designed to be a permanent tooth replacement option.

Hybrid dentures are also called fixed-detachable dentures are a way to replace missing teeth and gum tissue with a prosthetic attached to dental implants. Hybrid dentures are recommended when you have a lot of bone loss in your jaw. This type of denture is more natural looking and stable.

Dental inlays are a form of indirect restoration. This means they are made outside of the mouth as a single, solid piece that fits the specific size and shape of the prepared tooth cavity after removal of decay. An inlay will incorporate the pits and fissures of a tooth, mainly encompassing the chewing surface between the cusps.

Onlay is an indirect restoration made outside the oral cavity that overlays a cusp or cusps of the tooth, which is then luted to the tooth. Onlays are also referred as short crowns and may be made of metal, porcelain, or composite.

Laser Gum Treatment is an advanced technique for your doctor to treat periodontal (gum) disease and save many teeth that were previously considered hopeless. A laser light is used to gently remove harmful bacteria and diseased tissue from the gum pocket. The Laser Gum Treatment is painless and requires less time for healing of tissue.

The treatment of tooth mobility involves a combination of treatment of the etiology usually by nonsurgical and surgical periodontal treatment, occlusal adjustment, and splinting. Although other causes of tooth mobility exist; however, this review was limited to tooth mobility due to periodontitis.

Occlusion, in a dental context, means simply the contact between teeth. More technically, it is the relationship between the maxillary (upper jaw) and mandibular (lower jaw) teeth when they approach each other, as occurs during chewing or at rest.

Improper alignment of biting or chewing surfaces of upper and lower teeth. A malocclusion is a misalignment or incorrect relation between the teeth of the two dental arches when they approach each other as the jaws close. This refers to the manner in which opposing teeth meet (mal- + occlusion = “incorrect occlusion”).

Maryland bridge is a type of fixed partial denture not requiring crowns. The prosthesis is bonded to the natural teeth to secure it. Maryland bonded bridges (also called a resin-bonded bridge) are made of porcelain, porcelain fused to metal, or plastic teeth and gums supported by a metal or porcelain framework. Metal or porcelain wings often on just one side of the bridge are bonded to back of your existing teeth.

A Cast Partial Denture (CPD) is defined as a removable partial denture consisting of a cast metal framework that contains artificial teeth set in an acrylic resin. As compared to conventional acrylic denture, Cast Partial Denture is stronger, more durable and retentive.

Mouthguard is a device that fits over the teeth to mainly prevent injury to the teeth, mouth or lips. This may also refer to a device that prevents tooth grinding or treats temporomandibular joint disorders (i.e, night guard). Mouthguards, also called mouth protectors, help cushion a blow to the face, minimizing the risk of broken teeth and injuries to your lips, tongue, face or jaw. They typically cover the upper teeth and are a great way to protect the soft tissues of your tongue, lips and cheek lining. Mouthguard is very useful to those involved in sporting activity and also bruxism patient who are indulged in non-functional grinding of teeth.

Neuromuscular Dentistry involves rehabilitation and occlusion which believes the bite position should be where the masticatory muscles are in optimal function. Neuromuscular Dentistry employs technology such as TENS, computerized scans and EMG’s to analyze a patient’s bite and muscle health.

Full mouth rehabilitation is a highly individualized treatment. The point of a full mouth reconstruction plan is to optimize the health of the entire mouth, including the teeth, the gums, and the bite. In many cases, it is necessary to replace or restore every tooth in the mouth using a combination of dental services.

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea is a disorder in which breathing stops for short periods of time during sleep. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common disorder characterized by repetitive episodes of nocturnal breathing cessation due to upper airway collapse. OSA causes severe symptoms, such as excessive daytime somnolence and is associated with a significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. OSA can be treated by a variety of oral appliances.

Overdenture is any removable dental prosthesis that overlies and rests on one or more remaining natural teeth, the roots of natural teeth or dental implants. Overdentures are more preferable to the traditional denture due to increased retention and long term stability of denture supporting bone.

Periodontal (mainly gum) disease is an infection of the tissues that hold your teeth in place. It’s typically caused by poor brushing and flossing habits that allow plaque (a sticky film of bacteria) to build up on the teeth and harden to form calculus resulting in an abnormally deep gingival sulcus, possibly producing periodontal pockets and loss of supporting alveolar bone.

Gingival and periodontal pockets are dental terms indicating the presence of an abnormal depth of the gingival sulcus near the point at which the gingival tissue contacts the tooth. It is Pathological deepening of gingival sulcus.

Periodontitis is a severe gum infection that can lead to tooth loss and other serious health complications. Periodontitis also called gum disease, is a serious gum infection that damages the soft tissue and without treatment it can destroy the bone that supports your teeth. It is inflammation and loss of the connective tissue of the supporting or surrounding structure of teeth with loss of attachment.

Pyorrhoea is an advanced stage of periodontal disease, it causes bleeding and discharge of pus from gums. It is one of the most widely prevalent diseases. This disease is a primary cause for tooth loss among adults. It is usually the result of poor oral hygiene. Pyorrhoea is serious gum infection that damages the ligaments, gums and supporting bone. There is a pus discharge from the roots of the teeth and gums. The pus is often swallowed along with food which lead to various infections.

Plaque is a soft, sticky film that builds up on your teeth and contains millions of bacteria. The bacteria in plaque cause tooth decay and gum disease if they are not removed regularly through brushing and flossing. This is called gingivitis, an early stage of gum disease.

A post and core crown is a type of dental restoration required when there is an inadequate amount of sound tooth structure remaining to retain a crown. A post is cemented into a prepared root canal, which retains a core restoration, which retains the final crown.

Interlocking device, one component of which is fixed to an abutment or abutments and the other is integrated into a fixed or removable prosthesis in order to stabilize and/or retain it.

Midline diastema is a space between the maxillary and/or mandibular central incisors. Midline diastema can be due to various causes such as genetic, environmental, and so on. The presence of diastema between the central incisors in the adult patient has esthetics and malocclusion concerns.

Xerostomia is also known as dry mouth. Xerostomia is dryness in the mouth, which may be associated with a change in the composition of saliva or reduced salivary flow or have no identifiable cause. This symptom is very common and is often seen as a side effect of many types of medication.

The use of medications prior to dental procedures, such as antibiotics for various medical conditions.

Removable partial dentures (RPDs) are widely used to replace missing teeth in order to restore both function and aesthetics for the partially edentulous patient. Conventional RPD design is frequently bilateral and consists of a major connector that bridges both sides of the arch.

The portion of the pulp cavity inside the root of a tooth; the chamber within the root of the tooth that contains the pulp.  Portion of the tooth treated by endodontic therapy.

A root canal is a treatment used to repair and save a tooth that is badly decayed or becomes infected. During a root canal procedure, the nerve and pulp are removed and the inside of the tooth is cleaned and sealed. Without treatment, the tissue surrounding the tooth will become infected and abscesses may form.

Re-Root canal retreatment may be necessary if a previously root canal treatedtooth fails to heal or if a recurrent infection is evident. Root canal treatment has a very high rate of success but as with other medical or dental procedures, infection or inflammation may persist or recur despite our best efforts.

Peri-apical abscess is the most common form of dental abscess and is caused by infection of the root canal of the tooth. It is usually localized intra-orally but in some cases the apical abscess may spread and result in severe complications such space infections.

Root planing involves smoothing rough spots on the roots of the teeth that can promote gum disease by trapping and holding bacteria. The whole procedure may be done in a single visit, although generally a quadrant or half of the mouth is recommended per appointment. Root planing smoothens the tooth root and helps the gum reattach to the tooth.

Scaling is a common dental procedure for patients with gum disease. This is a type of dental cleaning that reaches below the gum line to remove plaque buildup. Scaling removes plaque and calculus from the tooth surface.

Pit and Fissure Sealants are a dental treatment intended to prevent tooth decay. Teeth have recesses on their biting surfaces; the back teeth have fissures (grooves) and some front teeth have cingulum pits these sealants fill up the pits and fissures on tooth surface and prevent accumulation of food debris, which helps prevent tooth decay.

A device used to support, protect, or immobilize oral structures that have been loosened, replanted, fractured or traumatized. Also refers to devices used in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders.

The temporomandibular joints (TMJ) are the two joints connecting the lower jaw bone to the skull. It is a bilateral synovial joint between the temporal bone of the skull above and the mandible below.

Abnormal functioning of temporomandibular joint; also refers to symptoms arising in other areas secondary to the dysfunction, especially muscle symptoms. Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD, TMJD) is an umbrella term covering pain and dysfunction of the muscles of mastication (the muscles that move the jaw) and the temporomandibular joints.

Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome or MPDS is a pain disorder in which unilateral pain is referred from the trigger points in myofascial structures, to the muscles of the head and neck.  MPDS is the most common cause of masticatory pain & limited function for which patient seeks dental consultation & the source of the pain treatment.

Dental veneers (sometimes called porcelain veneers or dental porcelain laminates) are wafer-thin, custom-made shells of tooth colored materials designed to cover the front surface of teeth to improve appearance of teeth. These shells are bonded to the front of the teeth changing their color, shape, size or length. Dental Veneers are used for aesthetic improvement of teeth.

Radiovisiography (RVG) is the latest digital imaging technique in dentistry with the minimal radiation exposure of the patient and numerous possibilities to process the images has many advantages over classic radiography. Digital imaging is a radiographic technique that utilizes a wired or wireless hard sensor or phosphor plate sensors known as a receptor, instead of film. Digital images consist of pixels organized in a matrix of rows and columns.

Periodontal flap surgery is a procedure in which the gums are separated from the teeth and folded back temporarily to allow a dentist to reach the root of the tooth and the bone.

Pulpotomy is a minimally invasive procedure performed in children on a primary tooth with extensive caries but without evidence of root pathology. Pulpotomy is the term for removal of the coronal pulp with the intent of maintaining the vitality of the remaining radicular pulp tissue.

Pulpectomy is a root canal procedure for pulp tissue that is irreversibly infected or necrotic as a result of caries or traumatic injury. Pulpectomy involves removing the whole pulp tissue from the crown down to root of the tooth to treat infection and avoid tooth loss.  When the pulp becomes infected or injured, it can cause a great deal of pain and trauma to the patient.

Pulp capping is a technique used in dental restorations to prevent the dental pulp from necrosis, after being exposed, or nearly exposed during a cavity preparation. Direct pulp capping is a procedure in which the exposed vital pulp is covered with a protective dressing or base placed directly over the site of exposure in an attempt to preserve pulpal vitality.

Pulp capping is a technique used in dental restorations to prevent the dental pulp from necrosis, after being exposed, or nearly exposed during a cavity preparation. In indirect pulp capping, a thin layer of softened dentin, that if removed would expose the pulp, is left in place and the protective dressing is placed on top.

Apicoectomy, also known as root end surgery, retrograde root canal treatment or root-end filling is an endodontic surgical procedure whereby a tooth’s root tip is removed and a root end cavity is prepared and filled with a biocompatible material. It is an example of a periradicular surgery.

Pericoronitis is inflammation of the soft tissues surrounding the crown of a partially erupted tooth, including the gingiva and the dental follicle. If left untreated, the infection can spread, irritate the gingiva, and lead to severe infection that can reach the jaw, cheeks, and neck. The infection can be chronic or acute. Alternatively, acute pericoronitis has intensified wide-ranged symptoms which can include swelling, pain, and fever.

Composite veneers are a conservative alternative to porcelain and are made from translucent resin that is carefully sculpted and hardened by your dentist in a single appointment.  Composite is more versatile than porcelain, lasts 5-7 years and is much less expensive.

Zirconia Crowns are the first choice for front teeth as they are translucent like natural teeth and aesthetically far more superior then ceramic crowns. Zirconia is made from zirconium, a metal with similar properties to titanium. Zirconium makes a good choice for dental material because it is chemically unreactive. Zirconia has many properties that make it a good choice for dental crown material. Zirconia is even stronger than porcelain. In fact, when compared to their porcelain counterparts, zirconia crowns offer 200 percent higher bending strength and flexibility. Optimal comfort: Zirconia crowns do not transmit temperature fluctuations in the same way as traditional restorations.

Ceramic Crowns are popular for restoring teeth due to their ability to blend with your natural tooth color. The crown is made of a porcelain based material. Porcelain is fused to metal and they are also known as porcelain jacket crowns. This crown provides a stronger bond than regular porcelain because it is connected to a metal structure. Ceramic crowns are the most widely used crown as they are cost effective and mimic natural tooth. Ceramic crowns are second choice for restoration front teeth after Zirconia crown as they have slightly poor aesthetic in comparison.

Metals used in crowns include gold, palladium, nickel or chromium. Metal crowns rarely chip or break, last the longest in terms of wear down, and only require a small amount of tooth to be removed. Metal crowns are the most widely used crowns in non-aesthetic zone as they are very cost effective alternative to other types of crown.

Smile Design is a protocol of managing the shapes, contours and color of the teeth as they appear in a smile and are proportioned in an individual’s face. This protocol and management needs to balance with the elements of function and health that are specific for each individual in order to achieve a successful result. It is a dental procedure which artistically creates straighter, whiter and beautiful natural looking smiles. Smile designs can do wonders to fully restore your dental health and appearance regardless of the original state of your existing teeth.

Gingival depigmentation is a periodontal plastic surgical procedure whereby the hyperpigmentation is removed or reduced by various techniques. The patient demand for improved esthetics is the first and foremost indication for depigmentation. It is a procedure used to lighten or remove black spots or patches on the gums consisting of melanin. Gingival depigmentation is also known as gum bleaching.

Clear Aligners also known as Invisible Aligners, are orthodontic devices that are a transparent, plastic form of dental braces used to adjust teeth. Aligners are a series of tight-fitting custom-made mouthpieces that slip over the teeth. Clear Aligners are very comfortable compared to conventional orthodontic treatment with braces. They are almost invisible and hence nobody will notice that you have an orthodontic treatment going on for aligning your teeth. Clear Aligners are most effective when it is worn for more than twenty-three hours every day.

The Invisalign orthodontic treatment is composed of two clear, plastic trays that fit over your teeth. Invisalign has become a popular option for teens and adults who need minor tooth straightening and alignment because it is nearly invisible. They are also more comfortable and less painful than traditional braces. People often wonder “How long does Invisalign take to straighten teeth?” A course of treatment with Invisalign takes 12 months for most adults, although actual time will vary from person to person. Many people start seeing a difference in their teeth within two to three months of starting to use the aligners. Invisalign does hurt. In general, it is less painful than traditional metal braces, and like any type of orthodontic treatment, the pain fades after the teeth adjust to wearing the aligners and to having new aligners swapped in and out. This doesn’t mean, of course, that your Invisalign will be completely pain free.

It is normal for the children to have to unhealthy oral habits. Some of such habits include thumb sucking, nail biting, lip biting, tongue thrusting, mouth breathing etc.Habit breaking appliance help break this unhealthy oral habits. These appliances can either be of removable or fixed type.

There are effective treatments that support tobacco cessation, including both behavioral therapies and FDA-approved medications. FDA-approved pharmacotherapies include various forms of nicotine replacement therapy as well as bupropion and varenicline. Research indicates that tobacco users who receive a combination of behavioral treatment and cessation medications quit at higher rates than those who receive minimal intervention.  Interventions such as brief advice from a health care worker, telephone helplines, automated text messaging, and printed self-help materials can also facilitate smoking cessation.

Supra-eruption or over eruption of tooth/teeth is defined as movement of a tooth or teeth above the normal occlusal plane. Supra eruption occurs when opposing teeth in occlusion is lost and space is left unrestored.

Endodontics is the dental specialty concerned with the study and treatment of the dental pulp. An Endodontist is a root canal specialist. A dental specialist who limits his/her practice to treating disease and injuries of the pulp and associated periradicular conditions, i.e. root canals. Endodontics is the dental specialty concerned with the study and treatment of the dental pulp. An Endodontist is a dentist who specializes in root canal treatment and diseases of pulp.

Prosthodontics is the branch of dentistry concerned with the design, manufacture, and fitting of artificial replacements for teeth and other parts of the mouth. And a Prosthodontist is a dentist who specializes in the aesthetic (cosmetic) restoration and replacement of teeth. Receives three of additional training after he has completed Bachelor of Dental Surgery. A Prosthodontist is a dentist who specializes in restoration of optimal appearance and function of your smile.

Periodontology or periodontics is the specialty of dentistry that is involved in study of supporting structures of teeth, as well as diseases and conditions that affect them. The supporting tissues are known as the periodontium, which includes the gingiva, alveolar bone, cementum, and the periodontal ligament. A Periodontologist is a dentist who specializes in diseases of gums and surrounding structures of a tooth.

Pedodontics is the speciality of dentistry that deals with children’s teeth and oral diseases. A pedodontist, commonly called a pediatric dentist, is a dentist who specializes in children’s dental care. A pedodontist typically sees children from ages six months to 12 years old and will use child friendly techniques to help the child establish good oral health from an early age.

Orthodontics is a specialty of dentistry that deals with the diagnosis, prevention and correction of malpositioned teeth and jaws. It also focuses on modifying facial growth, known as dentofacial orthopedics. An orthodontist is a dentist who specializes in alignment of teeth and growth modification of Jaw.

Oral and maxillofacial surgery specializes in surgery of the face, mouth, and jaws. It is an internationally recognized surgical specialty. Oral Surgery is a separate recognized speciality confined to surgery within the mouth. An Oral and Maxilofacial Surgeon is a dentist who specializes in surgeries of face, mouth and jaw including surgical removal of wisdom tooth or any other tooth.

Restorative dentistry is the term dental professionals use to explain how they replace missing or damaged teeth. Fillings, crowns (“caps”), bridges and implants are common restorative options. The goal of restorative dentistry is to bring back your natural smile and function and prevent future oral health issues.

Orofacial pain is a general term covering any pain which is felt in the mouth, jaws and the face. Orofacial pain is a common symptom and there are many causes. After dental pain, the second most common cause of orofacial pain is temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome (TMD, pain-dysfunction syndrome).

Facial fractures are fractures (broken bones) of the face and mouth. They commonly include fractures of the nose (nasal), cheekbones (zygoma), surrounding of the eyes (orbit) and upper (maxilla) and lower (mandible) jaws.

Surgical extraction of impacted teeth is required when the tooth is not erupted in the oral cavity and is covered by soft tissue and/or bone. Extraction requires the cutting of tissue and bone. The most commonly affected teeth are third molars and maxillary canines, but impaction can occur with any teeth.

The cyst is removed through a small incision inside the mouth and the space that is left behind is cleaned out. If it is very large or has caused damage, the surgeon may also remove some teeth, roots and a section of jawbone.

Conventional braces work using individual brackets and archwires to move your teeth into position. Each bracket is fitted to the surface of your tooth and the archwire is slotted into these brackets.

A space maintainer is an appliance that is custom-made by a dentist or pedodontist in acrylic or metal material. It can be either removable or cemented in a child’s mouth. Its purpose is to keep the space open to allow the permanent tooth to erupt and come into place.

Dentists provide professional fluoride treatments in the form of a highly concentrated rinse, foam, gel, or varnish. The treatment may be applied with a swab, brush, tray, or mouthwash. These treatments have much more fluoride than what’s in your water or toothpaste. They only take a few minutes to apply. You may be asked to avoid eating or drinking for 30 minutes after the treatment so the fluoride can fully absorb.